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Cebu City (located on Cebu Island in the Visayas area of the central Philippines) is the oldest city in the Philippine Islands.
The city of Cebu was the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines, and it was also the capital of the Philippines, and indeed of all of the Spanish East Indies, for a number of years -- until it was decided to transfer the capital to the newly-built city of Manila in the northern island of Luzon. These days Cebu City is the second-largest metropolis in the Philippines after Manila.